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Background: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues its deadly reign all over the world. Devising effective strategies for detecting and controlling the infection has become ever more critical. Effective prevention and control of the pandemic is entirely dependent on human behavior in terms of practicing preventive and curative measures. During the second wave of COVID-19, people's perceptions of preventive and curative measures changed.Objective: To study healthcare-seeking behavior of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methods: Hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 in the month of March, April and May of 2021 were included in the study. Their attendants/close relatives were contacted telephonically to know about the admitted patients' healthcare-seeking behavior. Verbal consent was taken from attendants before the commencement of the interview, followed by informing them about the purpose of the interview.Results: Amongst the subjects, there were more males than females (67.5 vs 32.4%), age ranged between 18 to 88 with a mean value of 56.61 +/- 14.7 years. Self-medication was significantly associated with study subjects' mortality (p=0.03).Conclusion: Elderly people were having higher mortality rate than their younger counterparts. People were hesitant to visit primary care physicians after having symptoms of COVID-19.
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Introduction: As a part of prophecy by WHO nearly half of the population of Globe will be facing problem of refractive errors by 2050. In India by the mid of this century these diseases will flourish in Indian continent with frightening velocity. Amblyopia is one of the basic reason for refractive errors in childhood with maximum global prevalence of 4.7% averaging 2% school going children. "Amblyopia" is a disorder in retinal image foundation because of decline in the value of central, adjusted vision which most commonly happens during first decade of life. Hence we have undertaken the present study to know the status of amblyopic status in school going children during and in Post Covid sessions. Methodology: In this hospital-based observational cross-sectional study we examined (optometry, retinoscopy along with Auto-refractometer) 639 school going students from our tertiary care institutes who were facing problem in their vision. Results and discussion: Amongst the participants during COVID period 331 (52.73%) were girls and 308 (48.2%) were boys learning in different classes having refractive errors. Out of these total participants 27 students were found to have amblyopia. Affecting a greater number of females that is 16 (4.8%) and 11 boys (3.5%) of the total participating population. While in post covid period out of 437 boys students 3.4% were having amblyopia with statistical significant difference between the two groups depicting more number of boys having amblyopia during COVID period. Refractive errors are mostly caused by prolonged focusing on the screen, that children should take a break from the screen every half an hour to avoid possible eye problems. Conclusion(s): We conclude that if detection of amblyopia is possible in earlier phases of life then nationwide campaign or programme should be initiated and implemented for prevention of mortality of vision.Copyright © 2023, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Worldwide, 1.75 crores of cases are related to corona virus and deaths are approx. 6.7 lakhs. The outbreak of Coronavirus was declared in March 2020 in India and up to July total number of cases crossed the figure of sixteen lakhs with almost thirty-five thousands of deaths. People are facing shortage of money, health issues, social issues, employment issue. This study aims to analyse the impact of Coronavirus disease on stock price of FMCG companies of India. Alike other countries of world Indian government also used lockdown to stop transmission of infection in the country. To analyse the impact of Coronavirus shares prices from March 2020 to July 2020 of top companies listed in Indian stock exchange and data regarding daily increase in confirm cases and number of deceased have been collected. Various statistical tools are applied with the help of Eviews. Finding of study indicated that there is significant impact of Corona Virus over stock price of FMCG sector. © 2023, Indian Institute of Finance. All rights reserved.
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SARS-CoV-2 is continually evolving with the emergence of new variants with increased viral pathogenicity. The emergence of heavily mutated Omicron (B.1.1.529) with spike protein mutations are known to mediate its higher transmissibility and immune escape that has brought newer challenges for global public health to contain SARS-CoV-2 infection. One has to come up with a therapeutic strategy against the virus so as to effectively contain the infection and spread. Natural phytochemicals are being considered a significant source of bioactive compounds possessing an antiviral therapeutic potential. Being a promising anticancer and chemo-preventive agent, Silybin holds a significant potential to be used as a therapeutic. In the present study, molecular docking of Silybin with Omicron spike protein (7QNW) was carried out. Molecular docking results showed greater stability of Silybin in the active site of the Omicron spike protein with suitable binding mode of interactions. The study reveals that Silybin has the potential to block the host ACE2 receptor-viral spike protein binding;thereby inhibiting the viral entry to human cells. Therefore, Silybin may be further developed as a medication with the ability to effectively combat SARS-CoV-2 Omicron.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023.
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In the decision sciences problems, systematic evaluation of information containing incompleteness and impreciseness having the feature of parametrization is one of the substantial features. In the present communication, a new notion of T-spherical fuzzy hypersoft set (TSFHSS) has been introduced which contains an additional capacity of accommodating the components of neutral membership (abstain) and refusal compared to intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft set under the sub-parametrization in an exponential way. Some of the basic operations on T-spherical fuzzy hypersoft set and some important aggregation operators have been presented and studied in detail. Further, in order to exhibit an application in the field of soft computing, the selection problem of COVID-19 mask has been numerically illustrated with some advantageous and concluding remarks. © 2022 IEEE.
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Humanity has suffered as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic for more than two years. Testing kits were not widely accessible during the pandemic, which caused alarm. Any technical development that enables a quicker and more accurate identification of COVID-19 infection can be very beneficial for the medical field. X-rays can be used to examine a patient's lungs since COVID-19 targets the epithelial cells that line the respiratory system. It is challenging to determine COVID-19 from other Viral Pneumonia cases, though. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of deep learning models in the quick and precise detection of COVID-19 in chest X-ray scans. © 2022 IEEE.
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Introduction: COVID 19 has led to dramatic changes in the lives of people leading to an increase in stress and anxiety. Music intervention is a non-medicated method for relieving anxiety. This current study aims to understand whether music can be effectively used to alleviate anxiety in admitted COVID-19 patients. Objective(s): To study the effect of music on anxiety in patients admitted for COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi Methods: 34 patients (17 females &17 males) were randomly divided into two groups, a control (N=17) and a music group (N=17). Vitals of all the patients were noted. Patients of the music group were asked to listen to relaxing instrumental for 30 minutes, while patients of the control group were asked to relax for 30 minutes. Vitals of all the patients were noted again. Patients were asked to fill State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after intervention. Result(s): The post-intervention mean scores of STAI after the music session were lower in the music group than the control group [95.06 (SD 8.5)) versus 102.37 (SD 10.3)]. The differences in mean values of pre- to post-intervention changes between both groups after music session were statistically significant. Conclusion(s): Our findings suggest that listening to music lowers anxiety. As music is non- invasive and free of side-effects we recommend that music intervention service should be used to improve health care quality.
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This study is an attempt to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected sectoral indices of the national stock exchange and the relationship among themselves also examined. COVID-19 pandemic was first identified in China during December 2019. To prevent the spread of pandemics various measures were taken by countries around the world. All commercial activities were restricted and people had to remain in their houses which affected the economy of countries. The stock market was also affected by this pandemic. For exploring the relationship and effect of pandemic various statistical tools have been applied. Secondary data of all sectoral indices price from 24th Jan to 24th July 2020 have been taken for the analysis. findings suggest that there is a significant impact of the Lockdown period on the performance of the stock indices.
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This paper is aim to find out the relationship among stock markets of BRICS Countries during the COVID-19. International investors want different portfolio while investing in other countries and policy makers needs information about the economies of the countries so this paper help them to get the relationship among BRICS countries. To find out the Cointegration among these secondary data has been used from 31st December 2019 to 31st December 2020. ADF and PP Test used to check the stationarity in the data set and VAR Model used to find out the cointegration between these countries and Granger Causality test used to find out the Cause relationship among the stock prices of the BRICS Countries. After analysis this paper finds that a significant integration among the BRICS Countries.
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Rapid antigen test has a very important value as one of tools to address the Covid pandemic. Though this test is not as accurate as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. As viral antigen appears before antibody formation in infected person. It is a specific marker of virus. Therefore, for detection of this highly infectious disease at an early stage, viral antigen testing can be a useful strategy in scenario of community transmission to prevent further spread. In India an advisory was issued by ICMR (on 14th June 2020) regarding usage of RAT for quick detection of COVID-19 positive patients. During second wave, Rapid antigen testing was advised only in symptomatic individuals and immediate contacts of laboratory confirmed positive cases. Though no test is perfect when it comes to the attributes of accuracy, accessibility, affordability, and timeliness of results. However, Rapid antigen test can be used as a useful test in public health that can benefit the larger population in breaking the chain of transmission if used wisely in different settings and according to the timeline of symptoms. © Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 2022.
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BACKGROUND: Online teaching has been practiced after lockdown due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has replaced conventional classroom teaching. The aim of the present study was to know the perceptions regarding online learning as perceived by both teachers and students during COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was cross-sectional and questionnaire-based. Web-based respondent-driven sampling technique was used to recruit participants for the present study. Three hundred and thirty-two students and 130 teachers of varying ages and gender participated in the study. The link of web-based questionnaire was sent to respondents through WhatsApp/Facebook. Responses from all the participants were tabulated and analyzed using univariate analysis (Chi-square test). RESULTS: Prerecorded lectures (38.9%) and Webinar apps (35/8%) were the most common modules of online teaching by students. One-third (34.3%) had the convenience to attend lectures from home whereas 44.3% had difficulty in concentration. Commonly cited disadvantage by students was inability to do practical work (37.9%). Regarding teaching faculty, 43.8% had no prior knowledge of online teaching. Sixty percent of teachers had 4 h/week of online teaching. No face-to-face interaction (67.7%) and internet issues (26.9%) were commonly stated barriers by faculty. CONCLUSION: The pandemic has pushed the teachers and students toward newer teaching avenues. However, more needs to be done to supplement the existent teaching pattern and preparedness of teaching faculty by incorporating online assignments and assessment methods, strengthening digital infrastructure in medical schools, and training support for teachers. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (S ARS-CoV-2) emerging variants particularly those of concern contain numerous mutations that influence the behavior and transmissibility of the virus and could adversely affect the efficacies of existing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and immunotherapies. The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have resulted in different waves of the pandemic within the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. On 26 November 2021 World Health Organization designated omicron (B.1.1.529) as the fifth variant of concern which was first reported from South Africa on November 24, 2021, and thereafter rapidly spread across the globe owing to its very high transmission rates along with impeding efficacies of existing vaccines and immunotherapies. Omicron contains more than 50 mutations with many mutations (26-32) in spike protein that might be associated with high transmissibility. Natural compounds particularly phytochemicals have been used since ancient times for the treatment of different diseases, and owing to their potent anti-viral properties have also been explored recently against COVID-19. In the present study, molecular docking of nine phytochemicals (Oleocanthal, Tangeritin, Coumarin, Malvidin, Glycitein, Piceatannol, Pinosylnin, Daidzein, and Naringenin) with omicron spike protein (7QNW (electron microscopy, resolution 2.40 Å) was done. The docking study revealed that selected ligands interact with the receptor with binding energy in the range of-6.2 to-7.0 kcal/mol. Pinosylnin showed the highest binding energy of-7.0 kcal/mol which may be used as potential ligands against omicron spike protein. Based on the docking studies, it was suggested that these phytochemicals are potential molecules to be tested against omicron SARS-CoV-2 and can be used to develop effective antiviral drugs. © 2022, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Background: The World Health Organization in January 2020 declared an outbreak of novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, an international public health emergency. The suddenness of this calamity with no end in sight caused a great deal of stress, anxiety, and depression throughout the world. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the psychological impact during the developing COVID-19 situation among female health professionals. Methods: This was an observation-based cross-sectional study conducted for a total of 3-month duration between August and October 2020. A structured questionnaire to assess the psychological impact was sent via the (email) electronic mail system, and responses were obtained from 343 female doctors. Results: The mean & PLUSMN;standard deviation values for age were found to be 39 & PLUSMN;8 years. Insomnia, stress, and anxiety were seen in a majority of the respondents. Conclusions: The present study has shown severe psychological impact associated with the pandemic on female health-care workers and highlights the major factors associated.
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Multiclass learning problems involve training classification models to accurately classify data instances into class labels. The number of class labels that are incorporated in a classification model directly affects its training time and accuracy. It has been noted that the existing models, when used on larger datasets having an extensive number of classes, often fail in achieving an accuracy usable for functional, real-world scenarios and tend to overfit on training data. Present research attempts to optimize the performance of classifiers by creating custom classification strategies, and neural network architectures for specific classification tasks and datasets. The efficiency of one such optimization of classifiers, classifier ensembles can further be improved by altering methods of subset generation from the dataset and correspondingly, class prediction. In this regard, we propose a method of constructing ensembles which aims to increase the accuracy of any given classifier while reducing training time by using a two step approach- one step for group formation as a part of constructing ensembles, and another for relative probability calculations which combines the result of ensembles. The proposed method is implemented and experiments are done on the Fashion MNIST (10 class labels), NIH Chest X-Ray + COVID-19 (16 class labels), Kuzushiji-49 (49 class labels), and CIFAR-100 (100 class labels) datasets. Experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed method which has achieved an increase of 6.33%, 9.32%, 8.59%, and 12.27% in accuracies of respective datasets and at the end, results are debated. © 2021 IEEE.
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This study attempts to analyze the time-varying pattern between the exchange rates, stock market return, temperature, and number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in G7 countries caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We have implemented our analysis using wavelet coherence and partial wavelet coherence (PWC) on independent variables from January 4, 2021 to July 31, 2021. This paper contributes to the earlier work on the same subject by employing wavelet coherence to analyze the effect of the sudden upsurge of the COVID-19 pandemic on exchange rates, stock market returns, and temperature to sustain and improve previous results regarding correlation analysis between the above-mentioned variables. We arrived at the following results: 1) temperature levels and confirmed COVID-19 cases are cyclical indicating daily temperatures have a material bearing on propagating the novel coronavirus in G7 nations;2) noteworthy correlations at truncated frequencies show that a material long-term impact has been observed on exchange rates and stock market returns of G7 and confirmed COVID-19 cases;3) accounting for impact of temperature and equity market returns, a more robust co-movement is observed between the exchange rate returns of the respective nations and the surge in COVID-19 cases;and 4) accounting for the influence of temperature and exchange rate returns and the increase in the confirmed number of coronavirus-infected cases and equity returns, co-movements are more pronounced. Besides academic contributions, this paper offers insight for policymakers and investment managers alike in their attempt to navigate the impediments created by the coronavirus in their already arduous task of shaping the economy and predicting stock market patterns. Copyright © 2021 Singh, Bansal, Bhardwaj and Agrawal.
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Introduction/Background*Systematic review says seventy percent of endometrial carcinoma recurrences are associated with symptoms. Is it safe to do nurse led phone clinic(NLPC) led by nurses and doctors.MethodologyRetrospective audit done on endometrial cancer patients in Northampton general hospital, treated from October 2013 and October 2018 and analysed the recurrence rate and presentation. Started NLPC in 2018. Wrote up a guideline and letter format for the nurses. Patient satisfaction Questionnaire doneResult(s)*Of 448 endometrial cancer patients in the above stated period, there were 57 recurrences. 8/57 patients were completely asymptomatic and was diagnosed in the first 2 years of follow up. However, 92% of the patients presented with symptoms at the time of presentation.On these databases NLPC was conducted with a prescribed format and on early stage endometrial cancers and further patient satisfaction assessed which was 98%.Conclusion*Majority of the cancer recurrence presented with symptoms, hence Nurse Led Phone follow up Clinics (NLPC) for selected cases is justified. Implementing NLPC leads to cut down in number clinic appointments, thus saving resources and give quality care to the more complex cases.At the beginning of Covid 19 , phone clinics were simplified as practice was already in place in the department.
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Crowd identification and analysis has drawn a lot of attention recently, owing to a wide variety of video surveillance applications. We present a detailed review of crowd analysis and management, focusing on state-of-the-art methods for both controlled and unconstrained conditions. The paper illustrates both the advantages as well as disadvantages of state-of-the-art methods. Mass or crowd gathering can be seen at a lot of places like airports, sports stadiums, at various religious, educational, and entertainment-related events, etc. When tens of thousands of people gather in limited space, a tragedy is probably bound to happen. Automated video surveillance has become the need of the day and supports the analysis and management of data on a massive scale. It is very important to identify the presence of a crowd and detect the number of people in the gathering. This can prove very useful for the detection of sudden troupe build-up to avoid riots. Moreover, it can also be very useful in the Covid-19 pandemic situation to avoid people gathering at a place. This paper presents a system to detect the presence of a crowd by counting unique people and then performing crowd analysis. The crowd is analyzed by detecting the gender and age of people in the crowd. © 2021 IEEE.
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The novel corona virus has wreaked havoc in both developing and developed countries. The respiratory effects of the virus were well reported early on but with each passing day, effects of covid-19 on others systems came to light. In this report, we bring forward the series of Guillain-barre syndrome (GBS) cases with the varying presentation in covid infected patients. In our cases, GBS either occurred during ongoing covid symptoms or within the two weeks of resolution of covid related pulmonary symptoms. Through this case series, we are reporting one case each of garden variety, AMAN variety and Miller Fisher variant of GBS. We aim to supplement the already existing limited data available on other systemic illnesses associated with covid-19 and to make physicians aware of the potential neurological diagnosis in covid cases.
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COVID vaccinations have been developed in the record time frame. But with such rapid inventions, there comes a risk of potential side effects. Not many serious side effects linked to vaccinations have been reported to date. Through our case report, we wish to present a 50-year-old patient who suffered from a NeuromyelitisOptica-like presentation just 2 weeks after the COVID vaccination. We aim to bring a potential side effect of the vaccine to physicians' notice so that any patient with similar symptoms does not go undiagnosed. We do not want to discourage people from taking vaccinations as these side effects are quite rare.
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Background & Objective: Proper mask wearing reduces the transmissibility and risk of Covid-19 infection still compliance to mask use is low. This study was conducted to observe the mask usage pattern, perception and barriers to effective mask usage (EMU). Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in collaboration with district police administration to observe mask usage pattern in various crowded places. Methods and Material: Participants from general public (n=6995) in 10 preselected areas of city were observed and then interviewed about their perceptions about EMU. Indirect observation of EMU was also done by screening CCTV footage, followed by another set of observation at same places after conducting a health education campaign. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: EMU was seen in nearly 62% participants. Younger age, native population, education above matric, persons driving two & four wheelers, had significantly higher compliance. During CCTV observation, EMU was 57.5%, and was highest near public places, roads and intersections while lowest near bus stand and religious places. Some improvement in compliance was seen after health education at these places. Breathing difficulty, no use of wearing mask and feeling uncomfortable were the most common reasons given by participants for non-compliance. Conclusions: EMU was lower in elderly, migrants, less educated, unemployed, daily wage workers, so these groups should be especially sensitized about preventive measures. There is need for extensive public education to bring out behavioral change regarding proper mask wearing to control this pandemic and prevent further waves. © 2021, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved.